In our study, we provided direct neuro-electrophysiological evidence of GABAAR-mediated postsynaptic responses, depolarized EGABA in pyramidal neurons at the single-cell level, and corresponding changes in NKCC1 and KCC2 in the SOZ and non-SOZ of patients with FCD exhibiting epilepsy, when compared to those obtained from non-epileptic human temporal neocortex from patients with MTLE. The gene discussed is SLC12A5; the disease is epilepsy.