Subtype I CAFs secrete high levels of HGF (with or without FGF7 overexpression) and confer resistance to EGFR and ALK inhibitors; subtype II CAFs release low levels of HGF but high levels of FGF7 and confer modest resistance to EGFR and ALK inhibitors; subtype III CAFs, that produce low levels of these two growth factors, lack any protective activity against EGFR/ALK inhibitors and are associated with immune cell recruitment, suggesting a possible tumor response to immunotherapy. Here, ALK is linked to neoplasm.