CTLA4 and neoplasm: Several other published reports support this hypothesis that hsps increases immunomodulatory function and increasing anti-tumor function of tumor associated macrophages by enhancing ROS, cell surface receptors expression such as B7 family receptors, CD54, Cd47, SIRP a, CTLA-4 etc. It also increases the antitumor by increasing il-2, il-4, il-6, tnf-alpha.