TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: The cytokines assayed were pro-inflammatory and/or Th1-associated (GM-CSF, IFNγ, TNFα, and IL12p70), Th2-associated (IL-4, Il-5, and IL-13) and IL10, which despite being considered an anti-inflammatory Th2-associated cytokine, it has a pleiotropic function in tumor biology and has been closely related to CRS in the context of CAR T cell therapy (Fig. 5h).