Of potential interest, the reactivation in motor cells from patients with ALS and animal models of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-K) has been recently reported, a biological phenomenon conducive of chronic inflammation in ALS and a promising target of antiretroviral drugs.40, -, 42 Confirming previous observations of a distinctive immunologic signature in PBMCs from A-B,35 we have identified an upregulation of CD4+ FoxP3+ Tregs, M-Tregs, and M-Tc cells in blood from patients with ALS compared with that in HCs, with significantly higher frequencies of these lymphocytes in A-B (Figure 3). The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.