To functionally test the reinvigoration of CD8 T cell function by desialylation in combination with ICB, we treated mice bearing established (about 500 mm3) wild-type or GNE-KO MC38 tumors with two doses of PD-1– and CTLA-4–blocking antibodies and isolated tumor-infiltrating immune cells 7 days after the first treatment (Fig. 1K and fig. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.