NFE2L2 and chronic kidney disease: While to date no reliable therapeutic options are available in routine clinical care to prevent muscle wasting due to PEW in patients with CKD, the unraveling of catabolic pathways that govern protein turnover and degradation such as the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) [11] and its links with potentially modifiable factors, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated antioxidant response signaling pathway, gives hope that strategies to suppress or block protein degradation could soon be within reach.