PTPN23 and neoplasm: Conversely, by mediating exosomal secretion of oncogenic molecules, Vps4A acted as a tumor suppressor and inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of parental cells in hepatocellular carcinoma [32]; HD-PTP exerts its anti-tumor effect by promoting oncogenic protein such as EGFR and integrins into MVBs and accelerating their lysosome degradation but not exosomal secretion in HeLa cells [28, 143].