Furthermore, ISG15 secreted from NPC cells induces macrophages with an M2-like phenotype, which is dependent on the interaction of ISG15 with LFA-1, engagement of SFK signaling, and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) secretion, resulting in tumorigenicity and migration of NPC cells212. Here, ISG15 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.