PDCD1 and neoplasm: While treatment with CV8102 plus isotype control antibodies, or buffer (i.t.)plus anti-PD-1 antibodies were each associated with modest reductions in tumor growth and improved survival, combining both treatments resulted in significantly delayed tumor growth and significantly improved overall survival compared with buffer-treated control mice, and mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies alone (Fig. 4a–c).