The expression of TLR4 mRNA transcripts was minimally affected at 1.3- and 2.2-fold when cells were infected with J99 and SS1 strains; in concordance with a previous study which reported that H. pylori LPS was unable to induce significant TLR4 response [15], TLR5 transcripts were increased 2.7- and 7.4-fold upon infection with J99 and SS1, respectively. Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.