For example, VEGFA can affect the complex processes of learning and memory[50] and plays a role in regulating neurite growth and maturation during brain development.[51] The role of VEGFA in neurogenesis may be mediated by its interactions with downstream effector genes.[52] In the present study, our data showed that VEGF mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissues and serum were downregulated in depression model rats, suggesting that downregulation of VEGFA plays a key role in depression in rats. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and depressive symptom measurement.