NLRP3 and infection: It is well known that the NLRP3 is the most studied inflammasome sensor involved in infection-triggered inflammation, and the NLRP3 inflammasome assembled from NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase 1 plays an important role in the development of inflammatory diseases, which can promote the self-cleavage of the pro-caspase 1 into its active form caspase 1, and then inflammatory cytokine pro-IL-1β is cleaved into its active form IL-1β by the activated caspase 1, and released from the cytoplasm, eventually causing host inflammatory responses [28,29].