NOD2 and cancer: Although NOD2 is well known for its role in inflammatory responses, its role in cancer has been widely debated, with some suggesting that NOD2’s inflammatory response promotes cancer (Angeletti et al. 2009; Hnatyszyn et al. 2019) and others suggesting that it has anticancer effects based on data analysis of a number of genetic mutations (Li et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2020; Huszno et al. 2020).