Supernatants from nine dengue-naive adults (four, three, and two participants in the 1 μg + AS01E, 1 μg + AS03B, and placebo groups, respectively) demonstrated that DPIV vaccination increased antigen-specific production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-6 (Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and dengue disease.