Following various stresses (e.g., ROS, tumor necrosis factors, microtubule interferers, and cancer chemotherapy drugs), the activated form of ASK1 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; downstream, JNK and p38 shuttle from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and catalyze the phosphorylation of various proteins and transcription factors [21]. This evidence concerns the gene MAP3K5 and cancer.