For example, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tFNAs notably attenuated PC12 cell apoptosis at a concentration of 250 nmol·L−1 by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3.102,103 In Parkinson’s disease (PD), tFNAs showed extraordinary neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects by inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells through regulation of the expression of the three genes previously mentioned. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is Parkinson disease.