Some studies reported that tFNA treatment in an IL-1β-induced OA model suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress and affecting the BCL2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway.60,99 In addition, Wu and his group suggested that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was involved in cell apoptosis triggered by cisplatin in an acute kidney injury (AKI) model. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and acute kidney injury.