CASP3 and Alzheimer disease: For example, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tFNAs notably attenuated PC12 cell apoptosis at a concentration of 250 nmol·L−1 by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3.102,103 In Parkinson’s disease (PD), tFNAs showed extraordinary neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects by inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells through regulation of the expression of the three genes previously mentioned.