In particular, we stained for αSMA, podoplanin (PDPN), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa), human leukocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR; an MHC class II molecule), and S100A4, all of which were previously described as CAF markers in different cancer types8,33,39,40. Here, PDGFRA is linked to cancer.