CD4 and coinfection: ,10 Several risk factors associated with this disease are found in different demographics; clinical data such as age, sex distribution, education, country, stage of HIV disease, current/nadir CD4 cell count (especially ≤ 200 cells/mm3), early decrease in CD4 count, high initial plasma HIV viremia, HAART type, HBV/HCV coinfection, and low hemoglobin concentration are some of the factors associated with NCI in PLWH.9