IL1A and tuberculosis: Also in Africa, Chegou et al (2016) found that the most accurate biosignature for the diagnosis of smear‐positive TB was IFN‐γ, transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), MMP‐2, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and antigen‐specific levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TGF‐α, with 75.7% sensitivity and 80% specificity, whereas the most accurate biosignature for the diagnosis of smear‐negative TB was IFN‐γ, IFN‐α, sCD40L, IL‐1α, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and IFN‐α2 with 60% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity.