CD8+ T cells from PBC patients secreted the increased amount of proinflammatory cytokines compared with controls, including IFN-γ (206.8 [IQR 93.09, 268.9] pg/mL vs 93.72 [IQR 78.84, 118.7] pg/mL; P ═ 0.016, Figure 4A) and TNF-α (1264 ± 421.7 pg/mL vs 687.4 ± 128.0 pg/mL; P ═ 0.0002, Figure 4B), as well as cytotoxic molecules, including perforin (5.44 ± 1.49 ng/mL vs 4.05 ± 1.23 ng/mL; P ═ 0.016, Figure 4C), granzyme B (23.98 ± 7.08 pg/mL vs 18.11 ± 3.75 pg/mL; P ═ 0.018, Figure 4D), and granulysin (28.21 ± 8.11 pg/mL vs 21.33 ± 5.17 pg/mL; P ═ 0.019, Figure 4E). Here, TNF is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.