GAD1 and Stroke: As mentioned previously,31 complement factors such as C3d might be involved in processes such as removal of damaged axons and neurons, as also evident in chronic multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke, in which the MAC is not formed.46 Our negative C9neo stainings reveal that an antibody-mediated complement activation, leading to the complement MAC and concomitant killing of neurons, is absent in GAD-TLE.