ABCB1 and Abnormal renal physiology: Patients excluded from the study (25) were those with active/risk of bleeding, liver and/or renal dysfunction, those with a prosthetic heart valve that requires AC, those with active infective endocarditis, patients who are anemic and/or thrombocytopenic, and avoided in those on P-glycoprotein inducers or on P-glycoprotein inhibitors (39) (complete and detailed list of contraindications is in Table 2).