Although we did not observe a direct effect of E1 or any other tested sex hormone on IL10 expression in WAT SVF or THP-1 macrophages in vitro, we cannot exclude that sex hormones (and E1 in particular) are playing a role in obesity-related IL-10 upregulation in women in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.