A further survival analysis showed that five gene mutations were associated with the OS of patients with MDS, including the beneficial mutation SF3B1 (P=0.050), and four unfavorable mutations, RUNX1 (P<0.001), ASXL1 (P=0.003), TP53 (P<0.001) and EZH2 (P=0.008) (Figures 2B–F). Here, RUNX1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.