CCL2 and Insulin resistance: Additionally, ASPC3 demonstrated a pro-inflammatory potential with upregulation of CCL2, CXCL3, C3, C1S, and PTGS2. This profile overlaps with human VAT ASPCs which are positively correlated with insulin resistance (Vijay et al., 2020) and with mice AT fibro-inflammatory progenitors (FIPs), which also had an anti-adipogenic function (Hepler et al., 2018).