TNF and abortion: Encouragingly, it was found that uterine expression levels of IL-6 and TNFα were significantly increased in mice with LPS-induced abortion and that the SEC5 expression level was distinctly decreased, accompanied by a reduced amount of uterine M2-Mφs (Figure 6), indicating that LPS might interfere with the normal M1/M2 shift by downregulating SEC5 expression in uterine Mφs at early pregnancy.