VCAM1 and ischemic stroke: Blood tests can identify multiple biomarkers of ischemic stroke, including proteins involved in inflammation responses, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), two proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), two cell adhesion proteins (vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1)), and a receptor (N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor) [25–27].