CD4 and neoplasm: Ge et al. (2019) used CIBERSORT to describe infiltrating features of TIICs and found that M0 & M1 macrophages and CD4 memory activated T cells notably over-infiltrated into colorectal cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues. In ccRCC, Liu et al. (2020) estimated TIICs using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and found that TIICs have certain effects on genetic mutations and can be used as biomarkers to assess the prognosis of tumor patients.