HMGB1 and neoplasm: ICD comprises the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as the cell surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), heat-shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), extracellular ATP, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and type I IFNs etc., from dying tumor cells that result in the activation of tumor-specific immune responses (Zhou et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2021a).