CASP9 and gastric cancer: In gastric cancer, Tian et al. observed that GS-Rd promoted the pro-apoptotic process in gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and MKN-45 by increasing the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inducing cell cycle arrest by downregulating cell cycle protein D1 (Tian et al., 2020).