AKT1 and esophageal cancer: Liu et al. observed that in esophageal cancer cells, GRk3 triggered G1 phase blockade and activated apoptosis and autophagy by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of Eca109 and KYSE150 cells, exerting anti-esophageal cancer activity in vitro and in vivo (Liu et al., 2019).