MTOR and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, pseudo-G-Rh2 significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, increased the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in HepG2 HCC cells, activated AMPK, and inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a concentration-dependent manner (Zhang J et al., 2021).