CASP3 and malignant colon neoplasm: Dihydroxy cinnamic acid (DHCA, commonly known as caffeic acid), a cinnamic acid derivative, decreases HDAC activity, induces caspase-3 mediated apoptosis by generating ROS, blocking cells in the S and G2/M phases to induce cancer cell death, abd inhibiting apoptosis in colon cancer cells (Anantharaju et al., 2017).