CASP3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Ditty et al. observed that β-sitosterol induces ROS accumulation in human HCC HepG2 cells through an endogenous pathway, leading to membrane damage and mitochondrial toxicity, inducing cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, and enhancing the protein expression of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 (Ditty and Ezhilarasan, 2021).