AKT1 and Cerebral ischemia: Zhang et al. (1995a) and Zhang et al. (1995b) isolated it for the first time in 1995 from Polygala japonica. It has been reported that PGSF might play an anti-apoptotic role by mediating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and further animal and clinical trials should be conducted to verify the pharmacological effect of PGSF to treat cerebral ischemia (Xie et al., 2020). A study has found that the NR2A-containing NMDAR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might be one of the neuroprotective mechanisms by which PGSF inhibits the excitotoxicity of cells in a concentration-dependent manner (Sun et al., 2022).