NFKB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Several studies have suggested that the mechanism of action of berberine in reducing HA and hyperinsulinemia in PCOS model rats may be related to the promotion of SCFAs production by inhibiting the LPS/NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria and decreasing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Zhao et al.; Shen et al., 2021).