MAPK3 and colorectal carcinoma: Surprisingly, the results of RT-PCR showed that ECD could regulate the transcriptional levels of MAPKs (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8), PPARs (PPARA, PPARD, PPARG), TP53, and STATs (STAT1 and STAT3) in each CRC cell line (Figures 10A–C).