Treatment with the specific Gβγ inhibitor gallein and the specific PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-604850 dramatically attenuated ERK1/2 activation by β-ionone in DU145 cells (Figure 3A), suggestive of a role of Gβγ and PI3Kγ in OR51E2-mediated ERK1/2 activation in prostate cancer calls. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and prostate cancer.