PEBP1 and Familial prostate cancer: Despite the fact that downregulation of several MAPK negative regulators, such as the Sprouty family members and Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), may enhance MAPK activation in prostate cancer (Schutzman and Martin, 2012), the molecular mechanisms underlying the hyper-activation of the MAPK pathway in prostate cancer remain elusive.