CFB and prostate carcinoma: It is interesting to note that pharmacological inhibition of Gβγ or PI3Kγ attenuates invasiveness or metastatic spread of prostate cancer cells in response to β-ionone stimulation (Sanz et al., 2014; Sanz et al., 2017b), suggesting an important role of Gβγ and PI3Kγ in mediating the function of OR51E2 in prostate cancer cells.