The most studies on OR51E2 have been focused on its pathophysiological functions and these studies have demonstrated that it regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and prostate cancer progression and can be used as a prostate cancer biomarker (Weng et al., 2005; Neuhaus et al., 2009; Rigau et al., 2010; Spehr et al., 2011; Rodriguez et al., 2014; Sanz et al., 2014; Rodriguez et al., 2016; Sanz et al., 2017a; Sanz et al., 2017b; Xie et al., 2019; Pronin and Slepak, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene OR51E2 and Familial prostate cancer.