Additionally, A2-EPTX-NSm1a was found to increase the expression of TNF R1 in cells that controlled the survival of cells with its cell death domain via binding of TNF- α. Previous study has shown that the neuronal damage was greater in TNFR-knockout mice compared to the wild-type mice in stroke and epileptic seizure model (Bruce et al., 1996). Here, TNF is linked to Seizure.