Generally, the ability of intestinal bacteria to improve diabetes works through the intestinal tract, where enteroendocrine L-cells secrete GLP-1, encoded by the proglucagon gene (GCG), stimulating insulin secretion and regulating glucose homeostasis (Taşçı and Bingöl, 2018; Qin et al., 2021). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.