The post-antibiotic replenishment with A. muciniphila exacerbated the intestinal barrier damage as evidenced by further decrease in mRNA levels of Tjp1, Ocln, Cdh1, and MUC2 in the AOM/DSS + Abx + Akk group with respect to the AOM/DSS + Abx group. Here, OCLN is linked to infectious otitis media.