TP53 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Portal hypertension can lead to oxidative stress, bacterial translocation, intestinal lipid peroxidation, sepsis, etc. Oxidative stress and inflammation will lead to telomere dysfunction and then induce the activation of P53, while overactivated P53 and telomere dysfunction can also induce oxidative stress and inflammation, forming a vicious cycle that promotes senescence and dysfunction of pulmonary vascular cells, reduces the secretion of NO, causes vascular dilatation dysfunction, and promotes or accelerates the formation of pulmonary hypertension.