Moreover, two large community-based cohorts (Framingham Heart Study and HUNT study) using the SOMAscan platform also identified new circulating biomarkers of HF, three proteins (thrombospondin-2, mannose-binding lectin, N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide) related to higher HF risk, while three (epidermal growth factor receptor, growth differentiation factor-11/8, hemojuvelin) showing cardiac protection (Nayor et al., 2020). Here, GDF11 is linked to hydrops fetalis.