SPP1 and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation: Figure 1A shows obvious calcium deposition and fibrosis in the samples from the CAVD compared with the controls. The immunohistochemical findings showed that expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX2, OPN, and OCN was markedly increased in CAVD, compared with that in the controls, indicating osteogenic differentiation in aortic valves with CAVD (Figure 1B).