Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) negatively correlates with human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, in consistence with the observation that disruption of Vps34 causes cardiac hypertrophy in mice by accumulating ubiquitinated Crystallin Alpha B (CryAB) (20). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3C3 and cardiac hypertrophy.