Additionally, IFNβ was described with a protective role in acute viral infections and deleterious role in bacterial infection (82); in autoimmune diseases, IFNβ is used as an effective treatment to reduce recurrence in multiple sclerosis (83) by activating regulatory T cells thereby limiting the generation of TH17 response and modulating pro-inflammatory mediators (84). Here, IFNB1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.