VEGFA and neoplasm: TAMs secrete excessive proangiogenic factors [e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFB)] and cell proliferation-stimulating factors (e.g., Interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), tumor necrosis factor, and VEGF), which strongly promote tumor growth and development (84, 85).