Moreover, except for IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, the COPD and ACO group had the same cytokine changed trend: when the expression of eosinophils was low, the secretion of INF-γ and IL-10 were increased; IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-8 were decreased. Here, TNF is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.