NPY and epilepsy: In animal models of epilepsy and in human TLE, recurrent seizures cause marked overexpression of NPY in GABA-ergic interneurons and in glutamatergic mossy fibers (Sperk et al., 1992; Gruber et al., 1994; Mathern et al., 1995; Furtinger et al., 2001; Drexel et al., 2012).