However, in humans, their CD14+ CD16+ cell counterpart has been reported to increase in many noninfectious diseases, such as coronary arterial disease (Kashiwagi et al., 2010), atherosclerosis (Wildgruber et al., 2009), hemophagocytic syndrome (Takeyama et al., 2007), and cancer (Tanaka et al., 1999). This evidence concerns the gene CD14 and atherosclerosis.