Previous studies have shown that VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin are overexpressed on vascular endothelial cells in diabetes models, particularly in the early stages of atherosclerosis; E-selectin increases leukocyte rolling, while VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 induce leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and increase leukocyte migration to the endothelium [28, 29]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to atherosclerosis.