The host immune system plays a key role within the TME whereby different immune cells have contrasting impacts on pancreatic cancer progression; while high infiltration of CD8+ T cells is a positive prognostic factor, macrophage and MDSC infiltration is negatively correlated with survival (Ene-Obong et al., 2013; Ino et al., 2013). Here, CD8A is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.