Pin1 has strong neuroprotective effects in the progression of epilepsy, and the Pin1/NMDAR complex, Pin1-CaMKII-AMPA receptor axis and Pin1-NL2/gephyrin- GABAergic signaling may all be involved in the mechanism (Antonelli et al., 2014, 2016; Tang et al., 2017; Hou et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene GPHN and epilepsy.